J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 1 - 12, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0038
Scientific Paper, English

Vesna Đukić, Ranka Erić, Miroslav Dumbrovsky, Veronika Sobotkova: Spatio-temporal analysis of remotely sensed and hydrological model soil moisture in the small Jičinka River catchment in Czech Republic

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• The knowledge of spatio-temporal dynamics of soil moisture within the catchment is very important for rainfall– runoff modelling in flood forecasting. In this study the comparison between remotely sensed soil moisture and soil moisture estimated from the SHETRAN hydrological model was performed for small and flashy Jičinka River catchment (75.9 km2) in the Czech Republic. Due to a relatively coarse spatial resolution of satellite data, the satellite soil moisture data were downscaled, by applying the method developed by Qu et al. (2015). The sub-grid variability of soil moisture was estimated on the basis of the mean soil moisture for the grid cell and the known hydraulic soil properties. The SHETRAN model was calibrated and verified to the observed streamflow hydrographs at the catchment outlet. The good correlation between the two different soil moisture information was obtained according to the majority of applied criteria. The results of the evaluation criteria indicate that the downscaled remotely sensed soil moisture data can be used as additional criteria for the calibration and validation of hydrological models for small catchments and can contribute to a better estimation of parameters, to reduce uncertainties of hydrological models and improve runoff simulations.
  
  KEY WORDS: SHETRAN hydrological model; Downscaled remotely sensed soil moisture; Runoff and soil moisture validation; Spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture; Flash floods; Small catchment.
  
  Address:
  - Vesna Đukić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Ecological Engineering for Soil and Water Resources Protection, Kneza VIšeslava, 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: vesna.djukic@sfb.bg.ac.rs)
  - Ranka Erić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Ecological Engineering for Soil and Water Resources Protection, Kneza VIšeslava, 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
  - Miroslav Dumbrovsky, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Landscape Water Management, Antonínská 548/1, 601 90 Brno, Czech Republic.
  - Veronika Sobotkova, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Landscape Water Management, Antonínská 548/1, 601 90 Brno, Czech Republic.

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 13 - 28, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0043
Scientific Paper, English

Evanice Pinheiro Gomes, Claudio José Cavalcante Blanco: Daily rainfall estimates considering seasonality from a MODWT-ANN hybrid model

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• Analyses based on precipitation data may be limited by the quality of the data, the size of the available historical series and the efficiency of the adopted methodologies; these factors are especially limiting when conducting analyses at the daily scale. Thus, methodologies are sought to overcome these barriers. The objective of this work is to develop a hybrid model through the maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) to estimate daily rainfall in homogeneous regions of the Tocantins-Araguaia Hydrographic Region (TAHR) in the Amazon (Brazil). Data series from the Climate Prediction Center morphing (CMORPH) satellite products and rainfall data from the National Water Agency (ANA) were divided into seasonal periods (dry and rainy), which were adopted to train the model and for model forecasting. The results show that the hybrid model had a good performance when forecasting daily rainfall using both databases, indicated by the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients (0.81–0.95), thus, the hybrid model is considered to be potentially useful for modelling daily rainfall.
  
  KEY WORDS: Artificial Intelligence; Climate Prediction Center morphing; Dry and rainy periods; Amazon.
  
  Address:
  - Evanice Pinheiro Gomes, Civil Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará – PPGEC/ITEC/UFPA, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil.
  - Claudio José Cavalcante Blanco, School of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, Federal University of Pará – FAESA/ITEC/UFPA, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil. (Corresponding author. Tel.:+55 91 3201-8859 Fax.: Email: blanco@ufpa.br)

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 29 - 40, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0042
Scientific Paper, English

CaiHong Hu, Guang Ran, Gang Li, Yun Yu, Qiang Wu, Denghua Yan, Shengqi Jian: The effects of rainfall characteristics and land use and cover change on runoff in the Yellow River basin, China

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• The changes of runoff in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin of China have received considerable attention owing to their sharply decline during recent decades. In this paper, the impacts of rainfall characteristics and land use and cover change on water yields in the Jingle sub-basin of the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin were investigated using a combination of statistical analysis and hydrological simulations. The Levenberg Marquardt and Analysis of Variance methods were used to construct multivariate, nonlinear, model equations between runoff coefficient and rainfall intensity and vegetation coverage. The land use changes from 1971 to 2017 were ascertained using transition matrix analysis. The impact of land use on water yields was estimated using the M-EIES hydrological model. The results show that the runoff during flood season (July to September) decreased significantly after 2000, whereas slightly decreasing trend was detected for precipitation. Furthermore, there were increase in short, intense, rainfall events after 2000 and this rainfall events were more conducive to flood generation. The “Grain for Green” project was carried out in 1999, and the land use in the middle reaches of the Yellow River improved significantly, which make the vegetation coverage (Vc) of the Jingle sub-basin increased by 13%. When Vc approaches 48%, the runoff coefficient decreased to the lowest, and the vegetation conditions have the greatest effect on reducing runoff. Both land use and climate can change the water yield in the basin, but for areas where land use has significantly improved, the impact of land use change on water yield plays a dominant role. The results acquired in this study provide a useful reference for water resources planning and soil and water conservation in the erodible areas of the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin.
  
  KEY WORDS: Land-use; Rainfall characteristics; Nonlinear model; M-EIES model; Yellow River.
  
  Address:
  - CaiHong Hu, College of Water Conservancy Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Road, Zhengzhou, China.
  - Guang Ran, College of Water Conservancy Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Road, Zhengzhou, China.
  - Gang Li, Jiangsu Province Luoyun Hydraulic Engineering Management Division, No.2, Huanghe Road, Xingfu street, Suqian City, China.
  - Yun Yu, China Machinery International Engineering Design & Research Institute CO., LTD, Zidong Creative Park, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
  - Qiang Wu, College of Water Conservancy Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Road, Zhengzhou, China.
  - Denghua Yan, College of Water Conservancy Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Road, Zhengzhou, China.
  - Shengqi Jian, College of Water Conservancy Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Science Road, Zhengzhou, China. (Corresponding author. Tel.:+86 18603814081 Fax.: Email: jiansq@zzu.edu.cn)

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 41 - 48, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0040
Scientific Paper, English

Haileyesus Belay Lakew, Semu Ayalew Moges: Dynamical bias correction procedure to improve global gridded daily streamflow data for local application in the Upper Blue Nile basin

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• Recently water resources reanalysis (WRR) global streamflow products are emerging from high- resolution global models as a means to provide long and consistent global streamflow products for assessment of global challenge such as climate change. Like any other products, the newly developed global streamflow products have limitations accurately represent the dynamics of local streamflow hydrographs. There is a need to locally evaluate and apply correction factors for better representation and make use of the data. This research focuses on the evaluation and correction of the bias embedded in the global streamflow product (WRR, 0.25°) developed by WaterGAP3 hydrological model in the upper Blue Nile basin part of Ethiopia. Three spatiotemporal dynamical bias correction schemes (temporalspatial variable, temporal-spatial constant and spatial variable) tested in twelve watersheds of the basin. The temporalspatial variable dynamical bias correction scheme significantly improves the streamflow estimation. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSCE) improves by 30% and bias decreases by 19% for the twelve streamflow gauging stations applying leave one out cross-validation approach in turn. Therefore, the temporal-spatial variable scheme is applicable and can use as one method for the bias correction to use the global data for local applications in the upper Blue Nile basin.
  
  KEY WORDS: Blue Nile; WaterGAP3; Bias Correction; Water Resource Reanalysis.
  
  Address:
  - Haileyesus Belay Lakew, Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (Corresponding author. Tel.:+251-912-17-94-83 Fax.: Email: haileyesusbelay@gmail.com)
  - Semu Ayalew Moges, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 49 - 64, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0037
Scientific Paper, English

Joanna P. Siwek, Wojciech Szymański, Janusz Siwek, Mirosław Żelazny, Mariusz Klimek: Linking soils and streams during events: response of stream water K+ concentration to soil exchangeable K+ concentration in small catchments with fragipan soils (Carpathian Foothills, Poland)

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• The study aimed to determine the linkage between soil exchangeable potassium (K+) concentration and stream water K+ concentration during rainfall and snowmelt events in small catchments with different land use (Carpathian Foothills, Poland). The complementary geochemical and hydrochemical approach used in the study produced new information on the role of particular soil horizons and contributing areas such as hillslope or riparian areas in K+ delivery to stream channels during events. Horizons lying above the nearly impermeable fragipan (Btx) play the most important role in the process of K+ influx to streams during most event types except snowmelts with frozen soils, in all the studied catchments. In the woodland catchment, rapid flushing of K+ from the topsoil Ah horizon with higher hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and higher exchangeable K+ concentrations than in the lying lower E horizon resulted in a clockwise hysteresis of K+ in stream water during most events. In agricultural catchments, changes in stream water K+ concentration during events were determined by distinct differences between soil exchangeable K+ concentrations on hillslopes and in riparian areas.
  
  KEY WORDS: Hystereses of K+; Rainfall and snowmelt events; Soil exchangeable K+ concentration; Fragipan; Agricultural and woodland catchments; Carpathian Foothills.
  
  Address:
  - Joanna P. Siwek, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Department of Hydrology, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. (Corresponding author. Tel.:+48/12-664-5277 Fax.: Email: joanna.siwek@uj.edu.pl)
  - Wojciech Szymański, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Department of Pedology and Soil Geography, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
  - Janusz Siwek, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Department of Hydrology, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
  - Mirosław Żelazny, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Department of Hydrology, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
  - Mariusz Klimek, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Field Research Station at Łazy, 32-765 Rzezawa, Łazy, Poland.

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 65 - 75, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0029
Scientific Paper, English

Borbála Széles, Juraj Parajka, Patrick Hogan, Rasmiaditya Silasari, Lovrenc Pavlin, Peter Strauss, Günter Blöschl: Stepwise prediction of runoff using proxy data in a small agricultural catchment

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• In this study, the value of proxy data was explored for calibrating a conceptual hydrologic model for small ungauged basins, i.e. ungauged in terms of runoff. The study site was a 66 ha Austrian experimental catchment dominated by agricultural land use, the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL). The three modules of a conceptual, lumped hydrologic model (snow, soil moisture accounting and runoff generation) were calibrated step-by-step using only proxy data, and no runoff observations. Using this stepwise approach, the relative runoff volume errors in the calibration and first and second validation periods were –0.04, 0.19 and 0.17, and the monthly Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.88, 0.71 and 0.64, respectively. By using proxy data, the simulation of state variables improved compared to model calibration in one step using only runoff data. Using snow and soil moisture information for model calibration, the runoff model performance was comparable to the scenario when the model was calibrated using only runoff data. While the runoff simulation performance using only proxy data did not considerably improve compared to a scenario when the model was calibrated on runoff data, the more accurately simulated state variables imply that the process consistency improved.
  
  KEY WORDS: Hydrologic model; Model calibration; Ungauged basins; Experimental catchment.
  
  Address:
  - Borbála Széles, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria. (Corresponding author. Tel.:+43 (0)1 58801-22335 Fax.: Email: szeles@waterresources.at)
  - Juraj Parajka, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
  - Patrick Hogan, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
  - Rasmiaditya Silasari, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
  - Lovrenc Pavlin, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
  - Peter Strauss, Federal Agency of Water Management, Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Pollnbergstraße 1, 3252 Petzenkirchen, Austria.
  - Günter Blöschl, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Karlsplatz 13/222, 1040 Vienna, Austria.

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 76 - 86, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0039
Scientific Paper, English

Gabor Milics: A coupled impact of different management and soil moisture on yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in dry conditions at locality Mezőföld, Hungary

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• Variable rate technology (VRT) in nutrient management has been developed in order to apply crop inputs according to the required amount of fertilizers. Meteorological conditions rarely differ within one field; however, differences in soil conditions responding to precipitation or evaporation results within field variations. These variations in soil properties such as moisture content, evapotranspiration ability, etc. requires site-specific treatments for the produced crops. There is an ongoing debate among experts on how to define management zones as well as how to define the required amount of fertilizers for phosphorus and nitrogen replenishment for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. For management zone delineation, vegetation based or soil based data collection is applied, where various sensor technology or remote sensing is in help for the farmers. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to investigate the effect of soil moisture data derived from Sentinel-2 satellite images moisture index and variable rate phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer by means of variable rate application (VRA) in winter wheat in Mezőföld, Hungary. Satellite based moisture index variance at the time of sowing has been derived, calculated and later used for data comparison. Data for selected points showed strong correlation (R2 = 0.8056; n = 6) between moisture index and yield, however generally for the whole field correlation does not appear. Vegetation monitoring has been carried out by means of NDVI data calculation. On the field level, as indicated earlier neither moisture index values at sowing nor vegetation index data was sufficient to determine yield. Winter wheat production based on VRA treatment resulted significant increase in harvested crop: 5.07 t/h in 2013 compared to 8.9 t/ha in 2018. Uniformly managed (control) areas provided similar yield as VRA treated areas (8.82 and 8.9 t/ha, respectively); however, the input fertilizer was reduced by 108 kg/ha N and increased by 37 kg/ha P.
  
  KEY WORDS: Remote sensing; NDVI and moisture index; Variable rate application of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizing.
  
  Address:
  - Gabor Milics, Szechenyi Istvan University, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Biosystems and Food Engineering, 2 Var, Mosonmagyarovar, H-9200, Hungary. (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: milics.gabor@sze.hu)

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 87 - 97, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0044
Scientific Paper, English

Martin Juriga, Elena Aydin, Ján Horák, Juraj Chlpík, Elena Y. Rizhiya, Natalya P. Buchkina, Eugene V. Balashov, Vladimír Šimanský: The importance of initial application and reapplication of biochar in the context of soil structure improvement

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• It was shown that the use of biochar provides many benefits to agriculture by improving the whole complex of soil properties, including soil structure. However, the diverse range of biochar effects depends on its physicochemical properties, its application rates, soil initial properties etc. The impacts of biochar, mainly its reapplication to soils and its interaction with nitrogen in relation to water-stable aggregates (WSA) did not receive much attention to date. The aims of the study were: (1) to evaluate the effect of initial application (in spring 2014) and reapplication (in spring 2018) of different biochar rates (B0, B10 and B20 t ha–1) as well as application of biochar with N-fertilizer (40 to 240 kg N ha–1 depending on the requirement of the cultivated crop) on the content of WSA as one of the most important indicators of soil structure quality, (2) to assess the interrelationships between the contents of soil organic matter (SOM) and WSA. The study was conducted in 2017–2019 as part of the field experiment with biochar on Haplic Luvisol at the experimental station of SUA in Nitra, Slovakia. Results showed that initial application as well as reapplication of biochar improved soil structure. The most favorable changes in soil structure were found in N0B20B treatment (with biochar reapplication) at which a significantly higher content of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) (+15%) as well as content of WSAma size fractions of > 5 mm, 5–3 mm, 3–2 mm and 2–1 mm (+72%, +65%, +57% and +64%, respectively) was observed compared to the control. An increase in SOM content, due to both, initial biochar application and its reapplication, significantly supported the stability of soil aggregates, while organic matter including humic substances composition did not.
  
  KEY WORDS: Biochar; Soil organic matter; Water-stable aggregates; Soil structure; Haplic Luvisols.
  
  Address:
  - Martin Juriga, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
  - Elena Aydin, Department of Biometeorology and Hydrology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
  - Ján Horák, Department of Biometeorology and Hydrology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
  - Juraj Chlpík, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
  - Elena Y. Rizhiya, Department of Soil Physics, Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Agrophysical Research Institute, 14 Grazhdansky pr., 195220 St. Petersburg, Russia. Department of Geoecology, Nature Management and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Ecology, Russian State Hydrometeorological University, 79 Voronezhskaya str., 192007 St. Petersburg, Russia.
  - Natalya P. Buchkina, Department of Soil Physics, Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Agrophysical Research Institute, 14 Grazhdansky pr., 195220 St. Petersburg, Russia.
  - Eugene V. Balashov, Department of Soil Physics, Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Agrophysical Research Institute, 14 Grazhdansky pr., 195220 St. Petersburg, Russia.
  - Vladimír Šimanský, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia. (Corresponding author. Tel.: Fax.: Email: vladimir.simansky@uniag.sk)

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 98 - 107, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0045
Scientific Paper, English

Maryam Akbari, Mohammad Vaghefi, Yee-Meng Chiew: Effect of T-shaped spur dike length on mean flow characteristics along a 180-degree sharp bend

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• An open channel flume with a central 180-degree bend with a rigid bed is designed to obtain a better understanding of the complex flow pattern around a T-shaped spur dike located in a sharp bend. The 3-dimensional velocities are measured by using an acoustic Doppler velocimetry under clear-water conditions. This study's primary objective is to compare variations of the mean flow pattern along a 180-degree bend with a variety of T-shaped spur dike lengths. In order to do so, parameters such as streamlines, the maximum velocity distribution, and the secondary flow strength under the influence of three T-shaped spur dike lengths will be analyzed and then compared with the case where no spur dikes are implemented. The results show that with the spur dike placed at the bend apex, the mean secondary flow strength at that range increases by approximately 2.5 times. In addition, a 67% increase in the length of the wing and web of the spur dike leads to a 27% growth in the mean secondary flow strength along the bend.
  
  KEY WORDS: 3-Dimensional velocity; Secondary flows; T-shaped spur dike; Acoustic Doppler velocimetry.
  
  Address:
  - Maryam Akbari, Department of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Shahid Mahini Street, 7516913817, Bushehr, Iran.
  - Mohammad Vaghefi, Department of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Shahid Mahini Street, 7516913817, Bushehr, Iran. (Corresponding author. Tel.:(+98) 77-31222401 Fax.: (+98) 77-33440376 Email: Vaghefi@pgu.ac.ir)
  - Yee-Meng Chiew, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 108 - 118, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0041
Scientific Paper, English

Michele Palermo, Simone Pagliara, Deep Roy: Effect of debris accumulation on scour evolution at bridge pier in bank proximity

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• Large debris transported by flood affects scour features at bridge piers and increases the risks of structural failure. Geometric characteristics of the debris and the relative position of the pier with respect to the river bank are important parameters for the scour process. The interaction between the water flow and debris accumulation increases the shear stress, turbulence and consequently enhances the scour depth at the pier. This paper aims at analyzing such effects on scour evolution at bridge piers. To this end, two series of tests were carried out under clear water condition with different debris geometries and percentage blockage ratios. Experimental evidences showed that the pier position only influences scour evolution and equilibrium morphology for low water depths. Conversely, its effect becomes negligible for scour at bridge piers with debris accumulation and higher water depths. Useful practical relationships have been derived, with satisfactory prediction capability of the scour evolution for all the tested configurations.
  
  KEY WORDS: Hydraulic model; Large debris; Local scour; Time evolution.
  
  Address:
  - Michele Palermo, DESTEC - Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Gabba 22, Pisa 56122, Italy. (Corresponding author. Tel.:0039 050 2217929 Fax.: Email: michele.palermo@ing.unipi.it)
  - Simone Pagliara, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
  - Deep Roy, DESTEC - Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Gabba 22, Pisa 56122, Italy.

J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 69, No. 1, 2021, p. 119 - 119, doi: 10.2478/johh-2020-0046
Scientific Paper, English

Roberto Corona, Nicola Montaldo: Erratum to “Roberto Corona, Nicola Montaldo: On the transpiration of wild olives under water-limited conditions in a heterogenous ecosystem with shallow soil over fractured rock. DOI: 10.2478/johh-2020-0022“

 Full Text in PDF     28 DOWNLOADS

• Data not available
  
  KEY WORDS: Data not available
  
  Address:
  - Roberto Corona, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambientale e Architettura, Universita di Cagliari, Via Marengo, 3, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy.
  - Nicola Montaldo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambientale e Architettura, Universita di Cagliari, Via Marengo, 3, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy.